ÍÎÂÎÑÒÈ ãåíîãåîãðàôèè, ïîïóëÿöèîííîé ãåíåòèêè, àðõåîëîãèè

Íà Ãåíîôîíä.ðô áîëüøàÿ ñòàòüÿ îäíîãî èç ó÷àñòíèêîâ ôîðóìà Ìîëãåí: Ñòðóêòóðà ãåíîôîíäà íàñåëåíèÿ Ðóññêîãî Ñåâåðà ïî àóòîñîìíûì äàííûì

https://ria.ru/science/20170222/1488575656.html

Ó÷åíûå íàøëè íàìåêè íà òî, ÷òî âëàñòü è ñòàòóñ ïåðåäàâàëèñü â îäíîé èç äðåâíåéøèõ öèâèëèçàöèé Àìåðèêè ïî ìàòåðèíñêîé ëèíèè, ÷òî ÷àñòè÷íî ïîäòâåðæäàåò òåîðèè î ñóùåñòâîâàíèè ìàòðèàðõàòà â ðàííèõ ñîîáùåñòâàõ ëþäåé, ãîâîðèòñÿ â ñòàòüå, îïóáëèêîâàííîé â æóðíàëå Nature Communications.

Ñ ñåðåäèíû 19 âåêà ñðåäè ìíîãèõ àíòðîïîëîãîâ ñóùåñòâóåò ìíåíèå, ÷òî â ïåðâûõ ñîîáùåñòâàõ ëþäåé, âîçíèêøèõ ïîñëå ðàñïàäà ïåðâîáûòíî-îáùèííîãî ñòðîÿ, äîìèíèðîâàëè è ïðàâèëè æåíùèíû. Òåîðèè ìàòðèàðõàòà ïîäðîáíî ðàçðàáàòûâàëèñü ìíîãèìè ìûñëèòåëÿìè òîãî âðåìåíè, â òîì ÷èñëå êëàññèêàìè ìàðêñèçìà, ñ÷èòàâøèìè, ÷òî ïåðâûå ãðóïïû ëþäåé æèëè â áîëüøèõ êîëëåêòèâíûõ ñåìüÿõ, ãäå ôàêò îòöîâñòâà áûëî íåâîçìîæíî óñòàíîâèòü â ïðèíöèïå.

http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14115

ÌÎÑÊÂÀ, 3 ìàð – ÐÈÀ Íîâîñòè. Àíòðîïîëîãè èç Ìîñêîâñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà çàÿâëÿþò, ÷òî ëåãåíäàðíûå ñêèôñêèå ïëåìåíà, æèâøèå â þæíûõ ñòåïÿõ Óêðàèíû è Ðîññèè, áûëè êîðåííûì íàñåëåíèåì ýòèõ ðåãèîíîâ, ñìåøàâøèìñÿ ñ íåáîëüøèì ÷èñëîì ìèãðàíòîâ èç Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè, ãîâîðèòñÿ â ñòàòüå, îïóáëèêîâàííîé â American Journal of Physical Anthropology.

https://ria.ru/science/20170303/1489196769.html

Íåñêîëüêî ñâåæèõ ñòàòåé î äÄÍÊ.

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of eneolithic trypillians from Ukraine reveals neolithic farming genetic roots
Alexey G. Nikitin, Inna Potekhina, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, David Reich, Malcolm Lillie
Published: February 24, 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172952

Abstract

The agricultural revolution in Eastern Europe began in the Eneolithic with the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture complex. In Ukraine, the Trypillian culture (TC) existed for over two millennia (ca. 5,400–2,700 BCE) and left a wealth of artifacts. Yet, their burial rituals remain a mystery and to date almost nothing is known about the genetic composition of the TC population. One of the very few TC sites where human remains can be found is a cave called Verteba in western Ukraine. This report presents four partial and four complete mitochondrial genomes from nine TC individuals uncovered in the cave. The results of this analysis, combined with the data from previous reports, indicate that the Trypillian population at Verteba carried, for the most part, a typical Neolithic farmer package of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages traced to Anatolian farmers and Neolithic farming groups of central Europe. At the same time, the find of two specimens belonging to haplogroup U8b1 at Verteba can be viewed as a connection of TC with the Upper Paleolithic European populations. At the level of mtDNA haplogroup frequencies, the TC population from Verteba demonstrates a close genetic relationship with population groups of the Funnel Beaker/ Trichterbecker cultural complex from central and northern Europe (ca. 3,950–2,500 BCE).


http://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/03/02/112714

Extensive farming in Estonia started through a sex-biased migration from the Steppe

Lehti Saag, Liivi Varul, Christiana Lyn Scheib, Jesper Stenderup, Morten E Allentoft, Lauri Saag, Luca Pagani, Maere Reidla, Kristiina Tambets, Ene Metspalu, Aivar Kriiska, Eske Willerslev, Toomas Kivisild, Mait Metspalu

doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/112714

Abstract

Farming-based economies appear relatively late in Northeast Europe and the extent to which they involve genetic ancestry change is still poorly understood. Here we present the analyses of low coverage whole genome sequence data from five hunter-gatherers and five farmers of Estonia dated to 4,500 to 6,300 years before present. We find evidence of significant differences between the two groups in the composition of autosomal as well as mtDNA, X and Y chromosome ancestries. We find that Estonian hunter-gatherers of Comb Ceramic Culture are closest to Eastern hunter-gatherers. The Estonian first farmers of Corded Ware Culture show high similarity in their autosomes with Steppe Belt Late Neolithic/Bronze Age individuals, Caucasus hunter-gatherers and Iranian farmers while their X chromosomes are most closely related with the European Early Farmers of Anatolian descent. These findings suggest that the shift to intensive cultivation and animal husbandry in Estonia was triggered by the arrival of new people with predominantly Steppe ancestry, but whose ancestors had undergone sex-specific admixture with early farmers with Anatolian ancestry.

Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe

Martina Unterländer, Friso Palstra, Iosif Lazaridis, Aleksandr Pilipenko, Zuzana Hofmanová, Melanie Groß, Christian Sell, Jens Blöcher, Karola Kirsanow, Nadin Rohland, Benjamin Rieger, Elke Kaiser, Wolfram Schier, Dimitri Pozdniakov, Aleksandr Khokhlov, Myriam Georges, Sandra Wilde, Adam Powell, Evelyne Heyer, Mathias Currat, David Reich, Zainolla Samashev, Hermann Parzinger, Vyacheslav I. Molodin & Joachim Burger

Abstract

During the 1st millennium before the Common Era (BCE), nomadic tribes associated with the Iron Age Scythian culture spread over the Eurasian Steppe, covering a territory of more than 3,500 km in breadth. To understand the demographic processes behind the spread of the Scythian culture, we analysed genomic data from eight individuals and a mitochondrial dataset of 96 individuals originating in eastern and western parts of the Eurasian Steppe. Genomic inference reveals that Scythians in the east and the west of the steppe zone can best be described as a mixture of Yamnaya-related ancestry and an East Asian component. Demographic modelling suggests independent origins for eastern and western groups with ongoing gene-flow between them, plausibly explaining the striking uniformity of their material culture. We also find evidence that significant gene-flow from east to west Eurasia must have occurred early during the Iron Age.

http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14615

ïåíåëîïà íàïèñàë:

[q]

ÌÎÑÊÂÀ, 3 ìàð – ÐÈÀ Íîâîñòè. Àíòðîïîëîãè èç Ìîñêîâñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà çàÿâëÿþò, ÷òî ëåãåíäàðíûå ñêèôñêèå ïëåìåíà, æèâøèå â þæíûõ ñòåïÿõ Óêðàèíû è Ðîññèè, áûëè êîðåííûì íàñåëåíèåì ýòèõ ðåãèîíîâ, ñìåøàâøèìñÿ ñ íåáîëüøèì ÷èñëîì ìèãðàíòîâ èç Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè, ãîâîðèòñÿ â ñòàòüå, îïóáëèêîâàííîé â American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
https://ria.ru/science/20170303/1489196769.html

[/q]

Òàì èñïîëüçîâàëèñü äàííûå êðàíèîëîãèè, ÄÍÊ âîîáùå íå èñïîëüçîâàëè ïî ïðè÷èíå äîðîãîâèçíû. ×åñòíî ãîâîðÿ, ÿ íåñêîëüêî ïðåäóáåæä¸í, íî ôðàçà "ó÷¸íûå èç ÌÃÓ" çâó÷èò òàê, ñëîâíî ñòóäåíòû íàïèñàë äèïëîì âñåãî ëèøü. Âûâîäû òàì ñäåëàíû ñåðü¸çíûå, à âîò ìåòîä êàê-òî íå î÷åíü ñîâðåìåíåí äëÿ òàêèõ âûâîäîâ. Èñïîëüçîâàòü êðàíèîëîãèþ äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ ýòíîãåíåçèñà - ýòî ïðîøëûé âåê, ïî-ìîåìó.

http://ãåíîôîíä.ðô/?page_id=23975

Ãåíîôîíä Ïåðåäíåé Àçèè è çàãàäêà ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ çàïàäíîåâðîïåéöåâ ïî ìóæñêîé ëèíèè.