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| Gul : 12655 2009 . : 43468 | HUMUS! ! ( ), , , - https://forum.vgd.ru/614/31743/ . Gul ![]() GUL . C 1926 . ... ----- , - , 120- .. 2018 1903-1913 1935 ( ) 2017 15 2010 - ,, , , , , , , , ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- , , ... . . . , . . . . . " , " , , , , . : , -, . , , . ... , ! (1889-1945 ) ------------------------- |
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| Gul : 12655 2009 . : 43468 | https://forum.vgd.ru/post/614/31743/p3715050.htm#pp3715050 - - http://ildt.istu.irk.ru/journals/2017/01/articles/05?view=0 ![]() 1901 . , . 1901 . : 3- - . ( ) . . - - - . 1918 1- 1- ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() , . - 3 1922 , 52 . . . , , . .. (1884, - 1960, -) - , ![]() . https://zapadrus.su/bibli/istf...kluge.html , , , , , , - , . " " 1992 . "" ... ![]() ![]() Kluges father was drafted into the Czars army in 1914. Then the chaos of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution and the ensuing Civil War completely uprooted the family. They moved frequently, always eastward, arriving in Manchuria in 1920. Here the little boy learned to speak Mandarin. In 1925 the émigré family moved again, this time to the French concession of Shanghai, where Kluge would graduate from the French Municipal High School. By the time he was seventeen, he was a very active member of the Shanghai Art Club. At this period of his life he also took up the violin and cello, and later in Paris gave music lessons to help meet his expenses. Meanwhile, his parents had decided that pure art was not a dependable career, and so in 1931Kluge left Shanghai for Paris to study architecture. He spent six years at the Lecole des Beaux-Arts and in 1937 graduated with the title of French Government Architect ![]() . 1910. . ; 19191920 . . ( ) https://forum.vgd.ru/614/114269/0.htm 1936-1945 6 - |
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| Gul : 12655 2009 . : 43468 | 1945 2- . . ![]() ![]() ![]() . ![]() ![]() - . 20 . 1945 ![]() ![]() - ( 1852 1906) -, , . - 1904 . , http://litmap.uonb.ru/wp-content/uploads/kniga.pdf |
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| Harubin : 410 2020 . : 211 | . 1945 , 45-. (1945 .) , : , , , . , , , . , , , , . , . . . . , , . . ? |
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