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Commander : Col. Dorshprung-Tzelitza http://www.bulgarianartillery....y_1878.htm - -.
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In a court of law: the revolutionary tribunals in the Russian civil war, 1917-1921, Christy Jean Story, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1998 - : 402
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: , 1917-1921.
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Dorshprung ...". "" 1917 - 1921? ...
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c. 153
Another example from the same file illustrates how the new could sneak in as well. This tone is radically different and contains many more errors.Clearly the preparation of this type of petition was not as rote as theearlier.
Or perhaps the paid clerks who were used to preparing the former petition did not want to associate with the new radical leanings. Now the personages (defenders and adjudicators) within the court are addressed directly, and the petitioner uses Comrade. Why the father is unable to work is unclear, however - "caprice and carelessness" - was he a bourgeois or petty shop owner of some kind?
Or is it his ethnic background as a gypsy that makes him unable to work?
Yet he, like the earlier petitioner, urges the court to let him stand in for his son.
Despite the new radical trappings of the petition, the old belief in a system that would imprison him in his son's stead holds true here as well. This second petition has none of the grace of the first and my translation is not made easier to read by the errors of the original. It reads approximately: 1/1/18 Petition from Boris Osipovich Dorshprung...
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lactarius (!!!) 152
<...>
President of the Central Committee before the Petrograd Soviet
On 1/18/18 my son was arrested. Vasily Ivanovich Anisimov found
himself for the first time in the Petropavlosk fortress/prison. My
older son, Petr, an ensign for the 319 Bugul'minskyi regiment, was
lost without remains 1/19/16. Reconciling myself [to being] without
sons, I am left with 14 daughters without any support for sickness
and I no longer am able to work having suffered from "nerves"
from shooting, such that I and my daughters beseech you, Merciful
Civil Servant, cannot you find the ability to examine the matter of
my son and give him to me on bail under my own freedom's
forfeiture and decide to find him some kind of work.
Citizen Ivan Vasilievich Anisimov 14
This formalized document harkens back to tsarist traditions where documents on
behalf of prisoners were prepared by legal clerks and followed a set formula.15
Other such petitions in the file record different (but equally grave) family
situations, different sibling service records (service in the Red Guards being the
most frequent, for obvious revolutionary reasons), and all have different reasons
for needing a son to work or for needing help to find work (although none are so
grave as having fourteen daughters to support). But while the letters give us clues
as to what the people felt would guarantee leniency for their loved ones, the
language used betrays a larger impression regarding the milieu that created
the petition. The forms of address - "civil servant," - are all utilized here and they denote the less radical, tsarist legal past creeping into the new Bolshevik forms.
14 [14 - ] GARF, fond 336, opis' 1, delo 58 dok. 22 15 See William Wagner, "Civil Law, Individual Rights, and Judicial Activism in Late Imperial
Russia," in Peter H. Solomon, ed.. Reforming Justice in Russia. 1864-1996 (London: M. E. Sharpe, 1997),
pp. 21-43
153
Another example from the same file illustrates how the new could sneak
in as well. This tone is radically different and contains many more errors. Clearly
the preparation of this type of petition was not as rote as the earlier. Or perhaps
the paid clerks who were used to preparing the former petition did not want to
associate with the new radical leanings. Now the personages (defenders and
adjudicators) within the court are addressed directly, and the petitioner uses
Comrade. Why the father is unable to work is unclear, however - "caprice and
carelessness" - was he a bourgeois or petty shop owner of some kind? Or is it his
ethnic background as a gypsy that makes him unable to work? Yet he, like the
earlier petitioner, urges the court to let him stand in for his son. Despite the new
radical trappings of the petition, the old belief in a system that would imprison
him in his son's stead holds true here as well.
This second petition has none of the grace of the first and my translation is
not made easier to read by the errors of the original. It reads approximately:
154
1/1/18 Petition from Boris Osipovich Dorshprung I beseech You, the
< >
155
lover of a railroad worker found guilty of counter-revolution as well as his love
letters.18 In addition to such personal effects the file contained the worker's
confiscated passport and other documentation. These personal touches were
much rarer in the Moscow files than in the Petrograd files and for the researcher
always come as a surprise. Out of respect for the love that shines through these
mementos, one hopes the clerks took care when pasting the pictures and letters
into the file.
The transition in the legal system was just that, a transition, and it is
tempting to say that as the files in the Petrograd collection go along in
chronological order, one sees more order. There are larger files that contain
witness statements and provide clearer pictures of what the tribunal was interested
in. Documents like the order, protokol, dopros, and postanovlenie, all staples in
the Moscow tribunal files, are utilized in Petrograd to some degree. However, of the four hundred files examined in depth, a little over three quarters of them were often composed of a single document,19 some handwritten with little information on them other than "agreed" with no indication of what was agreed.20
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, , , . . . . 1857 . . . . -. 1879 5- . - . -. 18781879 . . . , . , . . ; "". 1878 , . 1878, . . . ., ; . . . 4 ( 5) 1879 " "; 23 ( 24) 1879 . .-- . ; -. . , 5 1880 . 23 . 1880 . (. .). . , III ( - "", , ) -pa , . . 12 . 1882 . , 9 . 1881. . 1882 , , . . . . , . - "" 1883 . (. .). ; 1884 , , 1886 - .
: ". ", ". ", . . , . . 9 . 1886 ; . 1886 . . -. - 1887 . . . 18891891 . . . . 1890 . 18931895 "" . 1895 . 1895 1896 -. . . 1896 , 1899 . 1899 .-, .-. "", . 1900 (. ) , , , . , . , . . .- . , . 1902 . , . . 1902 . , .-. . . 1904 " . ", . , . .
14 . 1904 . . . . 27 . . . . . . . 25 1905 . . .-. . 1905 . .-. : . . . 1905 . . ; , . , . . , . . . . .-; .-. . , . . . . 1917 . . . 16 . 1922 .
. . . (. , , , . , , . , . , . , . , . , , , , , ). III, 1881, 99; 1883, 1219; 1889, 39; V, 1881, 789; 1882, 2125 2497; 1894, 304; VII, 1904, 3526; . . 1898, 5, . 80. (.). . 1884 ., 89; 1886 . , , II, 98, 117. . . , 14, . (. ). , . . . . . . . . "" III, 296.
. , , I, 95, . . , I, , 1914, 117. . -, . , 62. . , . . . " . " (.-), I, 21. . , . , I, 147, 151. . , . . .- 19001903 . , IV, 20. . , . . , 70. - . . . , 83, 85. . , . , 111. . . "1905 . ", 55. . , , 85. . , . "1905 . . ", 123. . . , 175. . , , . IIIIV (.). . , 1905 . "1905 . . .", 159. . , , 47. . , , 120, 121, 123142, 146, 147, 149151, 153159, 162169, 171, 173, 175176, 178181, 187, 189196, 198, 199, 201, 204206. . , (. . , III, 115).
(6 .). ". " III (1880) ( . ". ", 61). . ". " I (1880) ( , 81), . "" 1881, IV, 23. . . ". ", 47 (1882), 2. . , . . ". ". "." 1907, V, 65. , " " 1907, 4 (4 .), 9. . , . ". " 1912, I, 141, 143145. . , . ". ." 1925, VI (19), 211, 212. . , 1905 . . ". ." 1925, II (46), 204, 207, 208, 220. . , . . ". ." 1926, IV, 102. . , . 80- .. ". ." 1927, II (31), 146, 147. . , . . . . ". ." 1927, V (34), 89, 90, 93. . , . . . . ". ." 1928, III (40), 85; IV (41), 93; X (47), 85, 97, 98, 110. . , . "". ". ." 1929, VII (56), 181.
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